Module 7 Molecular Genetics

Module 7—Genetics at the Molecular Level:DNA and RNA at Work

Introduction

Mendel never had the opportunity to look through a microscope to see a cell. The discovery of cell nuclei and DNA occurred much later on in history. In this module, you will learn about the historical events that lead up to the discovery of DNA and its structure. You will learn how this amazingly simple, and yet complicated structure can code for genetic traits, make copies of itself, and direct the synthesis of protein (the major component of so many body parts, like the hormones you learned about in Unit A, and enzymes). There are enzymes that can clip DNA apart, and enzymes that put it back together in a new way. You will explore this source of variation and its application in various technologies that can have societal, economic, and environmental implications. Furthermore, DNA has the tendency to stay the same, and yet it changes. These changes are random and can result in abnormalities. They can also provide a source of variability that is the basis for evolution. You can trace relationships among organisms of different species by comparing their genetic material. The field of genetic technology is rapidly developing many ways to alter genetic traits, treat genetic diseases, and apply our understanding. These technologies often go hand in hand with societal, medical, ethical and other issues, some of which you will have the opportunity to examine.

In this module we will explore the following overarching question:

• Can we explain the transmission of traits at the molecular level by understanding the structure of DNA, its role in protein synthesis, and how it could mutate?