Module 6 Intro

1. Module 6 Intro

1.16. Module Summary/Assessment

Module Summary and Assessment

Module 6—The Motor System and Homeostasis

Module Summary

In this module you have studied the muscular system. This system acts as a supporting scaffold within your body. This allows you to carry out a variety of coordinated tasks affecting circulation, digestion, respiration, and excretion.

You saw that despite the physiological diversity of muscle cells, including skeletal, smooth, and cardiac cells, there is a unifying ability to contract. This inherent shortening, by way of sliding actin and myosin myofilaments, facilitates all human movements.

The value of exercise in maintaining healthy muscles and improving physical fitness, even into old age, is related to how efficiently your muscles use their fuel. The sources of ATP, creatine phosphate, fermentation, and aerobic respiration, are utilized at different points in an exercise regime. A by-product of muscle metabolism and movement is heat, which is dissipated when generated in excess amounts but also retained when faced with a cooler environment. An equilibrium maintains optimal body temperature by negative feedback systems.

Lastly, in this module you discovered the problems that occur when your muscles “break down” due to injury, illness, or disease. These complications of the muscular system may result in a variety of debilitations of short or long durations.

Module Assessment

In your module project you will be asked to do research on mitochondrial myopathy. You will explain how aerobic respiration and muscle contractions are affected by this disorder and predict the impact the disease would have on daily life. You will identify assistive technologies. Your unified response will be marked using the following rubric.

Module Project (15 marks)

Research mitochondrial myopathy using the Internet. There are several health-related websites that provide information. Then answer the following questions.

Write a unified response addressing the following aspects of mitochondrial myopathy.
1. Most aerobic cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria of the muscle. Explain, in general terms, aerobic cellular respiration as it takes place in a skeletal muscle, and describe the role myoglobin plays in this reaction. (Note: You do not have to provide the biochemical pathways involved in your answer.) (5 marks)
2. Explain, using a diagram, the sliding filament model of a muscle contraction, and describe how mitochondrial myopathy would disrupt the contraction of a skeletal muscle. (5 marks)
3. Predict the impact on the daily life of a person who has mitochondrial myopathy, and identify two technologies that could be used to assist people with this condition. (5 marks)

Marking Guide

Score	Student Assessment Guidelines
5 Excellent	constructs a diagram that clearly shows the arrangement of the myofibrils in a skeletal muscle and the shortening of the sarcomere in a muscle contraction (moving Z-lines closer together) and provides accurate labels provides a detailed description of the sliding filament model provides a detailed explanation of the role that calcium ions play in the contraction of a skeletal muscle provides a clear description of how mitochondrial myopathy could disrupt the contraction of the muscle
4 Good	constructs a diagram that shows the arrangement of the myofibrils but the diagram may not be complete or has minor errors provides a description of the sliding filament model provides an explanation of the role that calcium ions play in the contraction of a skeletal muscle provides a description of how mitochondrial myopathy could disrupt the contraction of a muscle
3 Satisfactory	constructs the diagram showing the arrangement of the myofibrils but does not include the second part showing how the Z-lines are pulled closer together or is not properly labelled partially describes the sliding filament model partially explains the role that calcium ions play in the contraction of a skeletal muscle
2 Limited	makes a limited attempt at the diagram provides a limited description of the sliding filament model provides a limited description of the role that calcium ions play
1 Poor	addresses only two of the bullets at a 2 or a 3 level

Technology and Society

Score	Student Assessment Guidelines
5 Excellent	provides very clear, accurate, and detailed impact on the lives of people with mitochondrial myopathy identifies two technologies and links these directly to the impacts identified
4 Good	provides accurate and detailed impact on the lives of the people with mitochondrial myopathy identifies two technologies that are not necessarily linked to the impacts identified
3 Satisfactory	identifies the impacts on the lives of the people who have mitochondrial myopathy but does provide the detail required identifies one technology that may or may not be linked directly to the impacts identified
2 Limited	only identifies one impact on the lives of the individuals and does not provide detail identifies one technology but does not provide any detail; makes no attempt to link it directly to the impact identified
1 Poor	addresses only two of the bullets at a 2 or a 3 level
0 Insufficient	does not address the question or provides an answer that is too brief to assess
NR	does not provide a response