Lesson 4 Cells
Completion requirements
Parts of a Plant Cell
Plant cells have two extra organelles that animal cells do not.
The extra organelles plants have are important to how plants get their food, as they perform photosynthesis rather than eating other organisms.
A4.19 Labeled plant cell
A4.20 Chloroplasts in a moss leaf cell
The chloroplast is where the process of photosynthesis occurs. Photosynthesis produces the glucose the mitochondria use to make
energy. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which produces a green substance. This is what makes most plant leaves green!
Digging Deeper
Digging Deeper
Phytoplankton is a unique class of organisms. They can be a variety of different kinds of organisms (bacteria, protists, or plants), but they can all photosynthesize.
Learn More
Learn More
Did You Know?
A4.21 Green leaves
Plants are green because chloroplasts absorb the other colours of light. The green light is reflected off the chloroplasts, so that is the colour we see.
A4.23 Plant cell with cell wall
This is a hard frame around the cell that holds it in a specific shape. It provides strength and support to the cells and to the plant as a whole.
Read This
Please read pages 267 to 270 in your Science 10 textbook. Make sure you take notes on your readings to study from later. You should focus on the two organelles unique to
plants that we have covered and their function. Remember, if you have any questions or you do not understand something, ask your teacher!
Watch This!
Introduction to Cells: The Grand Cell Tour © YouTube Amoeba Sisters
This video will take you on a virtual tour of the cell and its organelles. It will go through all the organelles we have discussed. This video discusses prokaryotes (do not have a nucleus) vs. eukaryotes (have a nucleus). In this course, we focus on eukaryotes.
Practice Questions
Complete the following practice questions to check your understanding of the concept you just learned. Make sure you write complete answers to the practice questions in your notes. After you have checked your answers, make corrections to your responses (where necessary) to study from.
- Draw a diagram of a plant cell and label the 11 organelles that were discussed.
A4.19 Labeled plant cell
- Add these two organelles to your short paragraph or diagram from the previous page that shows how all the organelles are connected.
Your answer should be a variation of the following. You can get more detailed than this. (You can also start with the cell membrane allowing materials to enter the cell.) The nucleus releases messenger RNA to the rough endoplasmic reticulum where
ribosomes create proteins using energy from the mitochondria. The mitochondria produce energy from the nutrients that are digested in the lysosomes. The chloroplasts produce the food that is then digested and used in the mitochondria.
The proteins that are made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum are then packed into vesicles or stored in vacuoles. The vesicles travel through the cytoplasm to the Golgi apparatus where the proteins are processed and repackaged into the vesicles. These vesicles then travel through the cytoplasm to other parts of the cell or to the cell membrane to be released outside of the cell through the cell wall.
The proteins that are made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum are then packed into vesicles or stored in vacuoles. The vesicles travel through the cytoplasm to the Golgi apparatus where the proteins are processed and repackaged into the vesicles. These vesicles then travel through the cytoplasm to other parts of the cell or to the cell membrane to be released outside of the cell through the cell wall.