Module 2 Lesson 4 - 4

Self-Check

Do the following Self-Check that consists of some multiple-choice items and numerical-response questions in preparation for completing the lesson assessment. Check your answers and, if you do not understand any of the concepts, be sure to discuss these with your teacher. The Alberta Diploma Examination is composed of questions that are similar in style to the following. You will benefit from practising these types of questions as much as possible.

Use the following diagram to answer the next two questions.

Alberta Education

1. Which endocrine gland shown in this illustration is directly responsible for the development of bone thinning if it over-produces its hormones? 
   
   
   1. 2
   2. 3
   3. 4
   4. 6 
      
      
2. Cretinism can develop if low secretions of hormone are produced by the gland labelled 
   
   
   1. 2
   2. 3
   3. 4
   4. 2 and 3 
      
      
3. Hypothyroidism that developed in childhood is characterized by 
   
   
   1. impaired physical and mental development
   2. thirst and consumption of large volumes of water
   3. increased blood pressure and increased heart rate
   4. suppression of the immune system and the development of goitre 
      
      
4. The area of the brain that normally initiates the secretion of TSH is the 
   
   
   1. medulla oblongata
   2. cerebrum
   3. pons
   4. hypothalamus 
      
      
5. A condition that results in an enlargement of the thyroid gland may be caused by a diet deficient in 
   
   
   1. salt
   2. iron
   3. iodine
   4. sodium




Use the following information to answer the next three questions.

Vegetables such as cabbage, rutabaga, and turnips contain goitrin, a substance that inhibits iodine uptake by the body.



6. A person with a diet high in vegetables containing goitrin may gain weight fairly rapidly. A possible explanation for this weight gain is 
   
   
   1. increased protein metabolism
   2. decreased blood sugar levels
   3. increased glycogen release
   4. decreased metabolic rate 
      
      
7. The function of which gland would be most affected by goitrin? 
   
   
   1. Anterior pituitary
   2. Adrenal cortex
   3. Thyroid gland
   4. Parathyroid gland 
      
      
8. An increase in goitrin consumption likely will cause a person to experience increased 
   
   
   1. fatigue
   2. heart rate
   3. breathing rate
   4. blood pressure




Use the following information to answer the next two questions.

On April 26, 1986, a major accident occurred at a nuclear generating station in Chernobyl. The nuclear explosion dispersed several tons of radioactive iodine, cesium, uranium, and other elements five kilometres into the air. The radioactive iodine was deposited on the farmers' fields and was concentrated in cows through bioaccumulation. People consuming milk from these cows developed higher incidence of thyroid cancer due to consumption of radioactive iodine. Radioactivity is extremely damaging to living cells.



9. As soon as people in Europe realized a nuclear accident had occurred, they rushed to buy iodine tablets. People might consume large quantities of iodine 
   
   
   1. so that iodine from the tablets, instead of the radioactive iodine, could accumulate in the thyroid
   2. because iodine, by negative feedback, blocks the formation of TSH, thereby protecting the thyroid from radioactivity
   3. because iodine inhibits cell division, thereby reducing the amount of cellular damage occurring during exposure to radiation
   4. so that iodine from the tablets could accumulate in the hypothalamus and block radioactivity from killing and/or altering body cells 
      
      
10. In addition to symptoms of radiation poisoning, which symptoms can be expected among people who did not take iodine tablets? 
    
    
    1. Pancreatic dysfunction and insufficient insulin production
    2. Metabolic dysfunction resulting in fatigue and weight gain
    3. Increased ACTH secretion and puffiness of face, chest, and abdomen
    4. Pituitary dysfunction resulting in increased hGH secretion and development of gigantism



Use the following information to answer the next question.


Some Glands and Hormones of the Human Body

Glands Anterior Pituitary Posterior Pituitary Thyroid Adrenal Cortex Adrenal Medulla Parathyroid Glands Pancreas

Hormones ACTH ADH Cortisol Epinephrine Thyroxine Parathyroid hormone TSH




Numerical Response

11. Select a set of numbers for glands and hormones that correctly completes the statement below. 
    
    The ______ secretes __________ which stimulates the _______ to produce _________,  which regulates metabolism (cellular respiration).
          (gland)              (hormone)                                  (gland)                   (hormone) 
    




Use the following information to answer the next question.

Endocrine Glands

1. adrenal medulla
2. anterior pituitary
3. posterior pituitary
4. thyroid
5. parathyroid gland
6. adrenal cortex



Numerical Response

12. Using the numbers that represent the endocrine glands shown above, match the hormone below to the endocrine gland that produces it.

    Endocrine Gland:          ________          ______           ______           _______ 
    Hormone:                   Thyroxine         PTH              TSH          Calcitonin





Use the following information to answer the next question.


The following procedures and observations were used to determine the function of secretions from an animal organ suspected of being an endocrine gland.



• The suspected endocrine gland was surgically removed from the animal.
  
• Symptoms in the animal were observed.
  
• A chemical mixture was extracted from the suspected endocrine gland.
  
• The chemical mixture was injected into the animal.
  
• Symptoms in the animal were no longer observed.
  
• Normal female rats injected with the chemical mixture showed accelerated body growth and increased thyroxine production.



13. Based on these observations, the organ was the
    1. thyroid gland
    2. posterior pituitary
    3. hypothalamus
    4. anterior pituitary



Use the following information to answer the next question.





14. If Gland 1 is the pituitary gland, the row that identifies Hormone 1, Gland 2, and Hormone 2 is
    
    

    Row	Hormone 1	Gland 2	Hormone 2
    a.	ACTH	Adrenal Cortex	Adrenaline
    b.	TSH	Thyroid	Thyroxine
    c.	ACTH	Adrenal Medulla	Cortisol
    d.	ADH	Kidney	Aldosterone




Use the following feedback loop and information to answer the next two questions.






For this question, assume that the feedback loop shown is for a hormone primarily responsible for regulating the metabolic rate. The target cells for this hormone are all the cells of the body that it stimulates to metabolize at a faster rate.

15. Which row correctly identifies the hormones indicated by the numbers 1, 2, and 3 on the feedback loop?
    
    

    Row	Hormone #1	Hormone #2	Hormone #3
    a.	Releasing hormone from hypothalamus	Thyroid stimulating hormone	Thyroxine
    b.	Releasing hormone from hypothalamus	Adrenocorticotropic hormone	Cortisol
    c.	Inhibiting hormone from hypothalamus	Human growth hormone	Growth factors
    d.	Inhibiting hormone from hypothalamus	Pancreas stimulating hormone	Insulin