Module 2 Lesson 5 - 6

Self-Check

Complete the following self-check in preparation for the lesson assessment that follows. This self-check consists of both multiple-choice and written-response items. When you have finished, check your answers carefully, and if you do not understand any of the concepts be sure to discuss this with your teacher.

1. Increasing the levels of aldosterone in the blood result in
   
   
   1. increased blood volume
   2. decreased blood pressure
   3. decreased heart rate
   4. increased urine production
      
      
2. During an emergency situation, the adrenal gland is stimulated to release a hormone that directly causes an increase in
   
   
   1. sodium ion concentration
   2. blood glucose levels
   3. conversion of glucose to glycogen
   4. sympathetic nervous stimulation
      
      
3. Returning involuntary body functions to normal after a period of stress is partly the function of the
   
   
   1. sympathetic nervous system
   2. parasympathetic nervous system
   3. tropic hormones such as ACTH
   4. releasing hormones from the hypothalamus
      
      
4. A high blood cortisol level controls the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone
   
   
   1. and releasing hormone from the hypothalamus
   2. and releasing hormone from the anterior pituitary
   3. from the hypothalamus and releasing hormone from the anterior pituitary
   4. from the anterior pituitary and releasing hormone from the hypothalamus
      
      
5. Which of the following is normally not part of the "fight-or-flight" response to short-term stress situations?
   
   
   1. Increased blood glucose levels
   2. Increased heart rate
   3. Increased blood pressure
   4. Increased blood volume




Use the following information to answer the next two questions.

Polygraphs (lie detectors) monitor certain changes in some activities of the nervous system. In theory, an emotionally stressful situation such as telling lies increases perspiration, increases breathing and heart rates, and causes slight dilation of pupils. However, polygraphs cannot differentiate exclusively between telling lies and other stressful situations.



6. The physiological changes associated with telling lies are responses produced by
   
   
   1. impulses from sympathetic nerves of the autonomic nervous system and hormones from the adrenal medulla
   2. impulses from sympathetic nerves of the autonomic nervous system and hormones from the adrenal cortex
   3. impulses from parasympathetic nerves of the autonomic nervous system and hormones from the adrenal medulla
   4. impulses from the parasympathetic nerves of the autonomic nervous system and hormones from both the adrenal medulla and cortex
      
      
7. Emotionally stressful situations may affect more than one system of the body. Another possible response produced by telling lies is
   
   
   1. decreased secretion of ACTH
   2. increased secretion of aldosterone
   3. decreased secretion of cortisol
   4. increased secretion of epinephrine




Use the following information to answer the next two questions.

Stressful situations trigger the release of hormones such as cortisol. Recent studies have found that some forms of depression cause a similar hormonal response that lasts much longer than the normal stress response. This unregulated release of stress hormones may result in reduced appetite, an unresponsive immune system, inadequate tissue repair, and insomnia.



8. Another stress hormone whose functions mimic those of the sympathetic nervous system is
   
   
   1. acetylcholine
   2. norepinephrine
   3. aldosterone
   4. insulin




Use the following additional information to answer the next question.





9. A logical interpretation of the graph is that the
   
   
   1. secretion of cortisol is inhibited by increased ACTH
   2. secretion of cortisol is doubled if the secretion of ACTH is doubled
   3. adrenal glands respond more quickly to small amounts of ACTH than to large amounts of ACTH
   4. adrenal glands respond to large amounts of ACTH by having a maximum cortisol secretion rate
      
      
10. The secretion of Hormone A causes an increase in activity X in the body. If this mechanism works by positive feedback, which of the following statements represents this?
    
    
    1. An increase in X produces an increase in A.
    2. An increase in A produces a decrease in X.
    3. An increase in X produces a decrease in A.
    4. A decrease in A produces an increase in X.
       
       
11. Suppose you are deep in concentration while studying biology. Suddenly, the phone rings and startles you. Outline the physiological changes that occur in your body due to release of the stress hormones cortisol and epinephrine. What triggers the release of each of these hormones?