Module 3 Lesson 2 - 6

Lesson Summary

In Lesson 2, you investigated the following focusing questions:

• What are the essential structures and functions of the female reproductive system?
• How do these structures support continuity of the human species?
• What is the functional unit of the female reproductive system?

The female reproductive system is designed to produce a very limited number of gametes. The female gonads (ovaries) produce the egg (ovum), the functional unit of reproduction for the female. Inside a follicle, within an ovary, an egg is matured further. When matured, the egg, through the process of ovulation, ruptures out of the ovary. Outside the ovary, the fimbriae pick up the egg and sweep it into the Fallopian tube (oviduct). With the help of cilia and muscle contractions in the Fallopian tube, the egg is transported to the uterus. If a sperm fertilizes the egg in the Fallopian tube, the resulting zygote may implant in the uterus, resulting in the development of a new human life. If a sperm does not fertilize the ovum, the ovum is transported out of the uterus with the shedding of the endometrial lining through the cervix and vagina to the outside of the body during menstruation.

The female gamete, the egg, is produced in the ovary and provided with structural and secretory support. Follicle cells provide structural support by surrounding the primary oocyte to help nourish, protect, and develop the egg cell. In addition, Follicle cells offer secretory support by releasing estrogen and some progesterone. These hormones help to develop the primary oocyte into a mature egg ready for ovulation.

Because only a limited number of gametes are produced, protection of the egg and the developing embryo is critical. Their protection is ensured by internal fertilization and development.