Module 3 Lesson 3 - 2

• Chlamydia can be transmitted during vaginal, anal, or oral sex.

• Chlamydia can be passed from an infected mother to her baby during vaginal childbirth.

• discharge from penis or vagina
• burning pain during urination
• fever
• NO symptoms in 50% to 70% of infected people

Effects on the Reproductive System

• If the infection is not detected, it can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women.
  
• PID can cause pain and scar tissues in the Fallopian tubes and uterus.
  
• Women infected have a five times greater possibility of becoming infected with HIV, if exposed to it.
• Men may experience effects of epididymitis and complications of the urethra.
  
• Infertility is possible in women or men.
  

• Chlamydia is easily treated and cured with antibiotics.

The rate of Chlamydia infection is very high among the 20–24 age group. The rates of infection among the 15–19 age group and the 25–29 age groups are nearly half that of the 20–24 age group, but the rates are very high compared with other sexually transmitted infections.

• HPV can be transmitted through skin-to-skin contact.
• HPV can be transmitted during vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
• HPV can be passed from an infected mother to her baby during vaginal childbirth.

• flat or raised warts around the genital area
  
• NO symptoms among many infected people 

Effects on the Reproductive System

• Unresolved HPV in women can lead to cervical cancer and increases risks or tumours in the reproductive system.
• Regular PAP smears are recommended.

• In most cases, warts caused by HPV disappear on their own.
• Warts can be treated by various methods: liquid nitrogen, laser therapy, surgery, topical medication, etc.
  
• Vaccines are available for young adults.
  

• Syphilis can be transmitted during vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
  
• Syphilis can be passed from an infected mother to her unborn baby, resulting in birth defects or stillbirth.

• infectious ulcerated sores called chancres
  
• rashes on the palms and soles, wart-like growths, flu-like symptoms, hair loss
• cardiovascular and nervous system problems – mental disorder, blindness, heart disease, etc.

Syphilis can be treated and cured with antibiotics, but these cannot correct the damages to the body during the infection. (For example, neurological damage cannot be reversed.)

Syphilis infection affects individuals predominantly who are 20 to 49 years old. However, the incidence of syphilis is low compared to other sexually transmitted infections.

• Genital herpes can be transmitted during vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
  
• Herpes virus can be passed from an infected mother to her unborn baby.
  
• This infection can be transmitted to the baby during vaginal birth, resulting in blindness for the baby.
  
• C-section births usually are performed for infected mothers.

• tingling or itching in an area
  
• blisters that result in painful open sores
  
• painful urination and abnormal discharge
  
• flu-like symptoms
  
• NO symptoms in some infected people

• No cure is available.
  
• An infected individual carries the virus for life.

• HIV can be transmitted during vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
  
• HIV can be transmitted through sharing intravenous needles.
  
• HIV can be passed from an infected mother to her baby before or during childbirth or through breast feeding.

• flu-like symptoms
• weight loss, fatigue, fever, dry cough, diarrhea, swollen lymph nodes, etc.
  
• increased vulnerability to other infections
  

HIV infection can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

• No vaccine is available for HIV.
• Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can control the virus and extend the life of someone with AIDS.  Several drugs must be taken and can have harmful side effects.  

HIV infection is highest among the 30–39 age group. It is less common than chlamydia and gonorrhea among this age group. Individuals aged 0–19 and 50–65+ have relatively low rates of HIV infection.

• Hepatitis B is transmitted usually through exposure to infected bodily fluids.
  
• Hepatitis B can be transmitted through sexual contact.
  
• Hepatitis B can be passed from infected mother to baby during childbirth or during breastfeeding.

• fatigue, flu-like symptoms, loss of appetite, nausea, joint pain, etc.
  
• inflammation of the liver, which can lead to scarring of the liver and liver cancer
  
• liver failure, which leads to jaundice (yellowing of the skin)

• A vaccine is available for hepatitis B.
  
• Most people recover from hepatitis B infection, but up to 10% will be chronic carriers.
  

The rate of hepatitis B infection rises dramatically from the 0–14 age group to the 20–24 age group. It decreases gradually from age 25–65+, with a slight increase in the 50–54 age group.