Module 4 Lesson 5 - 4
Lesson 5 — Reproductive Technologies
Lesson Summary
From the moment of fertilization through to embryonic and fetal development, an amazing array of transformation occurs in a prenatal organism. The speed at which the changes occur to take the individual from a single-celled organism to a multi-cellular organism capable of surviving on its own is truly incredible. After fertilization, the development of the embryo begins. Various layers begin to form, with each of these layers giving rise to more specialized types of tissues and functions. Various membranes support the embryo and help form the placenta, which nourishes and supports the fetus.
The development and sustenance of the offspring in utero is controlled by hormones produced by various supporting structures. After all major organs and systems are in place, a tremendous amount of growth and maturation of the systems occurs. During any time of prenatal development, genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors can affect the developing offspring. However, the first three months of development are the most critical.
Hormones initiate the birthing process, resulting in the forceful uterine contractions that expel the fetus and placenta. After the birth, hormones trigger lactation, the delivery of the milk from the mammary glands.
A myriad of technologies have been developed to control human sexual reproduction. Technologies can enhance or reduce reproduction potential, monitor development, and assist in the birthing process.