Modern cameras have evolved greatly from their original form. Today's cameras consist of precision parts so delicate they have to be assembled by robots, and the compact bodies are designed so there is no wasted space. Nonetheless, cameras from all periods share the same fundamental features.

These are the basic digital camera controls. The most basic camera is comprised of at least these parts: a light tight compartment, a lens and a way to capture the image. Each digital camera is unique and there will likely be other controls, depending on the camera, but each will have these basics:



Lens

The lens focuses the light rays from the subject and creates a reversed, upside down image on the film at the back of the camera. The lens is moved back and forth to create a sharp image on the film.

Aperture

The amount of light reaching the film plane is controlled by the aperture. The aperture of the lens, the diameter of the opening is set to allow more of less light in. The settings are called 'f stops'.

Program Mode Dial

This dial allows the photographer to select from various shooting modes (eg. auto, portrait, manual, shutter speed priority).

Image Sensor

The CCD or CMOS image sensor uses the property of photo-diodes to produce an electrical charge when exposed to light.  A single device may contain millions of sensor sites, known as picture elements or 'pixels', laid out in rows and columns forming a matrix.

Camera Body

The 'light tight' body houses the components of the camera. In the DSLR camera, the lens if a separate attachment and therefore, not part of the camera body. The shape of the body is influenced by the type of viewing system.

View Finder

An electronic viewfinder, usually an LCD screen, can be used to see what the lens is focused on, replay previously captured material, and provide an on-screen display to browse through menus.

NOTE

It is a good idea to read through your camera operating instructions manual because it will explain in detail the parts your specific camera has and how they are to be used to achieve results.



This concludes the Parts of a Digital Camera section.  Please proceed to the next section, where you will learn about the Digital Camera Functions.