1. Module 2

1.38. Page 6

Lesson 5

Module 2—The Endocrine System

Self-Check

 

Apply your understanding of the concepts on the pancreas and its regulation of blood glucose by answering the multiple-choice and numerical-response questions that follow. Check your answers. If you do not understand any questions, consult your teacher.

 

Multiple-Choice Questions

 

SC 7. Which of the following rows correctly matches the endocrine gland to the hormone it secreted and to the effect caused by the hormone?

 

Row

Endocrine Gland

Hormone Secreted

Target Cell/Organ

A.

thyroid gland

thyroxine

increases blood glucose

B.

pancreas

insulin

increases blood glucose

C.

pancreas

glucagon

increases blood glucose

D.

adrenal cortex

epinephrine

increases blood glucose

 

SC 8. Which hormone is not correctly matched to the disorder or disease associated with it?

  1. insulin and diabetes mellitus
  2. aldosterone and diabetes insipidus
  3. thyroxine and goitre
  4. cortisol and depressed immune system

SC 9. Which of the following hormones does not affect the carbohydrate metabolism?

  1. human growth hormone
  2. epinephrine
  3. insulin
  4. ADH

SC 10. Which of the following endocrine glands does not produce a hormone that directly affects blood glucose levels?

  1. posterior pituitary
  2. pancreas
  3. adrenal glands
  4. thyroid gland

SC 11. Which of the following explains one of the differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?

  1. The treatment for Type 2 diabetes involves insulin injections, while Type 1 can usually be controlled by diet.

  2. Only Type 1 can result in complications such as kidney disease, reduced circulation, or stroke.

  3. Type 1 can be a result of lifestyle, and Type 2 is thought to be caused by a virus or other agent.

  4. People with Type 2 diabetes can produce insulin, but this insulin cannot be used. Type 1 diabetes results from lack of insulin production.

SC 12. Which pair consists of antagonistic hormones?

  1. thyroxine and calcitonin
  2. epinephrine and norepinephrine
  3. cortisol and epinephrine
  4. insulin and glucagon
Use the following diagram to answer questions SC 13, SC 14, and SC 15.

 

The diagram illustrates the major glands of the endocrine system and their location in the human body.

 

SC 13. Which of the following rows correctly matches the endocrine gland labelled in the diagram to the hormone it produces?

 

Row

Label on Diagram

Endocrine Gland

Hormone

A.

E

adrenal gland

cortisol and thyroxine

B.

A

pituitary gland

releasing hormone and ADH

C.

F

pancreas

insulin and glucagon

D.

C

thyroid

TSH and thyroxine

 

SC 14. Which endocrine gland shown on this diagram would be directly responsible for the development of diabetes mellitus in humans?

  1. B
  2. D
  3. E
  4. F

SC 15. Symptoms resulting from low secretions of the hormones produced by the gland labelled F include

  1. high levels of sodium and sugar in the urine
  2. increased thirst and decreased urine production
  3. loss of weight and high levels of glucose in the urine
  4. obesity and increased risk of stroke

SC 16. The endocrine function of the pancreas was studied in Canada using dogs as experimental animals. The pancreatic cells with an endocrine function are

  1. islet cells
  2. C cells
  3. follicle cells
  4. interstitial cells

Use the following diagram to answer question SC 17.


The feedback diagram for the control of BSL by the pancreas shows the release of hormone X by the pancreas results in the movement of glucose into certain cells, resulting in the decrease of BSL and the inhibition of hormone X. It also illustrates the pancreas secreting hormone Y, which stimulates the breakdown of carbohydrates to simple glucose. This leads to the increase in BSL and the inhibition of hormone Y secretion.

 

SC 17. Hormones X and Y, respectively, are

  1. insulin and glucagon
  2. glucagon and insulin
  3. insulin and epinephrine
  4. epinephrine and insulin

Use the following information to answer questions SC 18 and SC 19.

 

A Treatment for Pancreatitis

 

Surgical removal of the pancreas is a procedure that doctors use to relieve the pain of patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas). Unfortunately, the surgery causes the onset of diabetes mellitus and other complications in these patients. In a recent study involving five individuals who had undergone this treatment, islet cells from the removed pancreas were infused (transplanted) back into the liver of each patient. This procedure effectively eliminated the occurrence of diabetes in these patients.

 

SC 18. Blood glucose levels are kept relatively constant by a negative feedback mechanism. The islet cells are part of this mechanism. The role of these cells is to secrete

  1. glucagon to raise blood glucose levels, and insulin to lower blood glucose levels
  2. glucagon to lower blood glucose levels, and insulin to raise blood glucose levels
  3. glucagon and insulin, both of which lower blood glucose levels
  4. glucagon and insulin, both of which raise blood glucose levels

SC 19. Patients who participated in this study no longer have a pancreas. To maintain normal body functions in these patients, the infusion of islet cells would have to be accompanied by a daily intake of

  1. glycogen to stimulate liver function
  2. hormones to promote glycogen release from the liver
  3. digestive enzymes into the blood to maintain nutrient levels
  4. digestive enzymes to replace those produced by the pancreas
Numerical-Response Questions

 

Use the following information to answer question SC 20.

 

Responses Stimulated by Hormones

  1. release of thyroxine
  2. growth of bones
  3. water reabsorption by kidneys
  4. conversion of protein and fat to glucose
  5. conversion of glucose to glycogen
  6. conversion of glycogen to glucose

 

SC 20. Identify the response, as numbered above, that would be stimulated by each of the hormones given below.

 

Response:
                 ______        ______           ______          ______
Hormone:     Insulin           Cortisol           Glucagon           hGH

 

Use the following information to answer question SC 21.

 

Some Endocrine Glands and Hormones

  1. adrenal cortex
  2. insulin
  3. epinephrine
  4. pancreas
  5. glucagon
  6. human growth hormone
  7. anterior pituitary

 

SC 21. To complete this statement, select the number of the gland or hormone from the information above that best completes each blank.

 

The hormones of the _____ act antagonistically to regulate blood glucose levels. The beta cells of the islets of Langerhans secrete ____, which lowers blood glucose levels. The alpha cells secrete _____, which raises blood glucose levels. Type 1 diabetes causes hyperglycemia because the secreting cells have degenerated. Type 2 diabetes tends to develop gradually, often because the _____ receptors on the body’s cells stop responding to this hormone.

 

Check your work.
Self-Check Answers

 

SC 7. C                
SC 8. B                
SC 9. D                
SC 10. A               
SC 11. D               
SC 12. D               
SC 13. C               
SC 14. D

SC 15. C

SC 16. A

SC 17. A

SC 18. A

SC 19. D

SC 20. 5, 4, 6, 2 (in that order)

SC 21. 4, 2, 5, 2 (in that order)