Principles of Design

The illusion of movement results from apparent instability in the image.

Techniques to achieve this illusion include the following:

• Adding a blurred background to the image
• Directing the eye in a certain direction (with arrows that point the way or a series of lines or dots that become progressively larger or smaller)
• Using an image of something moving as opposed to something stationary

 

Anticipated and Blurry Movement

Live figures portrayed in unstable body positions cause the viewer to feel that motion is imminent. This heightens the feeling of motion.

When a figure moves past us at very high speeds, we perceive that figure as somewhat blurry. We interpret blurry or indistinct outlines as conveying motion. Automobile manufacturers use this technique in still photos to imply the speed of their cars.

Multiple Images

Showing multiple overlapping images gives the impression of motion. We can see that the person or figure has moved through a series of poses.

Optical Movement

In optical movement, the eye is forced around the picture to see all the various elements. Optical movement can be enhanced by curved forms that keep the eyes moving in a circular pattern throughout the picture, as in this circular flow chart. Counting from one to nine and the progression of colour through the rainbow generates optical movement. The Audi image uses arrows to move the viewer's attention from left to right.

 

 Optical Illusions

Rhythm and Movement

Rhythm refers to the way our eyes move throughout a picture. Some pictures move the viewer throughout in a connected, flowing way, much like a slow, stately rhythm in music. Other

pictures move the viewer from one place to another in abrupt, dynamic ways, much like fast, staccato rhythm in music. This gives the impression of movement.