Lesson 2: Emotions and Criminal Behaviour: 2 - How do we Acquire Aggressive Behaviour?

2 - How do we Acquire Aggressive Behaviour?

Aggression is inborn or human beings are born with aggressive tendencies.

The theory that aggression is instinctive states that aggression is necessary for the survival of the individual and the species. This was especially true for our early ancestors because their world was full of daily, life-threatening turmoil. The human body was equipped to survive such dangers. For example, the male hormone testosterone or androgen appears to increase the reaction to respond aggressively.

According to the inborn theory of aggression, although our lives are more secure nowadays, we are still born with the instinct for aggression. Robust youngsters are assertive in gaining attention to fulfill their needs. Normal, everyday activities such as play, curiosity, and exploration of the world involve some elements of aggression from the average infant. A baby who is too passive may be ill in some way.

Aggression is learned.

mother scolding a child The other perspective on aggression is that the individual is not aggressive until external factors set up a frustrating situation that leads to aggression. According to this theory, aggression occurs when people experience conflict and frustration rather than through inherited characteristics.

Because children are emotionally close to their parents, aggressive behaviour from parents sets a negative example for children. Aggression appears to be intensified by power-oriented child-rearing techniques such as frequent and overly strict physical punishments and threats. The proper handling of rewards and punishments by parents is important so the dark side of aggression does not become established.

Anonymity is the act of hiding one’s identity and becoming nameless. When people are allowed to be anonymous, aggression has a tendency to increase. Personal anonymity removes the fear of other people’s disapproval and censure. Accountability no longer holds the conscience in check, so people feel more free to behave aggressively. For example, the Klu Klux Klan practise their aggressive deeds in disguise. Many people seem to be less inhibited at costume parties where their identity is hidden.

Whether aggression can be accepted as an innate drive or whether aggression is merely a response to frustration arising from adverse external conditions has still not been resolved.