2.01 - ¿Qué pasó?—El pretérito - Estructuras
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2.01 ¿Qué pasó?—El pretérito
As you may remember, the preterite is what we use in Spanish to talk about events that occurred in the past.
More specifically, it is used to tell:
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what happened at a specific moment in the past
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that the action is completed or done
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that a change in emotions, moods, or feelings and opinions has occurred
The Preterite Here are some clues to help you identify when to use the preterite.
The "pistas" above will help, but you still need to know how to conjugate the verbs to agree with the subject or subject pronoun in the sentence. To refresh your memory, look at the charts for the ending of the REGULAR -ar/-er/-ir verbs. Select + to see the endings and listen to an example. Pay attention to the pronunciation, the stress is on the syllable that has the vowel with the accent.
*What do you notice about the nosotros conjugation in the preterite (past) and the one in the present? Yes, the conjugation for nosotros is the same in the present and in the past!
*The conjugations in the past for regular -er and -ir verbs are the same . |
Take a look at the following examples to see how the verbs are conjugated:

Example 1
Ayer yo pensé ir a la fiesta de Carla.

Example 2
Anoche mis amigas y yo comimos en el centro comercial.

Example 3
La semana pasada Cheo, Juan y Alberto practicaron deportes.

Example 4
Mi madre miró la televisión con mi padre anoche.
Now that you have seen some examples of conjugating in the preterite, we are going to continue with other important conjugations for the preterite tense. Select + to see samples of -ar verbs that end in -car, -gar and -zar and practice conjugating some of them in the "yo" form. Notice that the conjugation for the "yo" form is different.
Before you select +. can you guess why the conjugation for "yo" would be different?
-CAR Verbs
In the preterite, verbs that end in -car/-gar/-zar have a special yo form to keep the pronunciation consistent with the other forms. They are special only in the "YO" form because the normal ending of this form is -é and this ending depending what is in front of it may have a change in pronunciation. For example, in Spanish, the sound of the "c" and the "e" is soft, like an "s" but for the verbs that end in -car, we want to keep that hard sound that comes from the combination of "c" and "a" like in the verb buscar, like a "k" would sound. So, to keep this sound we need a "qu" in place of the "c" for any verb ending in -car in the preterite. Here are some examples:
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buscar → yo busqué
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empacar → yo empaqué
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tocar → yo toqué
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pescar → yo pesqué
¡Practiquemos! Escribe, en tu cuaderno o en un procesador de texto, la conjugación del verbo en el pretérito, con la forma "yo". Selecciona las palabras para chequear tu respuesta.
-GAR Verbs
Moving towards the same goal of keeping the sound of the original verb, the -gar verbs follow a similar change. This change happens only in the "YO" form. For these endings we add a "u" after the "g" in the verb. Here are some examples of the -gar verbs:
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llegar → yo llegué
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pagar → yo pagué
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investigar → yo investigué
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castigar → yo castigué
¡Practiquemos! Escribe, en tu cuaderno o en un procesador de texto, la conjugación del verbo en el pretérito, con la forma "yo". Selecciona las palabras para chequear tu respuesta.
-ZAR Verbs
Now, the -zar verbs are not trying to keep the sound. What these verbs want to do is be grammatically correct. Let me explain. In Spanish the combination of the letter "z" and the letters "e" and "i" does not exist. In other words, if you use either one of these combinations, in Spanish, you are being grammatically incorrect. So, to be correct we need to change the "z" for a "c" in the YO form of these verbs in the preterite. Here are some examples:
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empezar → yo empecé
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cazar → yo cacé
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organizar → yo organicé
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abrazar → yo abracé
¡Practiquemos! Escribe, en tu cuaderno o en un procesador de texto, la conjugación del verbo en el pretérito, con la forma "yo". Selecciona las palabras para chequear tu respuesta.
Irregular Verbs
The preterite can be a pretty challenging tense because of all the irregular verb forms. Now, I know you are always up for a challenge, so it is up to you to learn these "special" verbs.
Select + to see some samples.
-IR Verbs
We will start with the IR stem-changing verbs. Yes, these are the ones that have a change in the stem, but only the ones that end in -ir. Here is what happens with these: they will keep the change you already know, but will only use the first vowel of the stem change in the third person ( él, ella, usted, ellos, ellas, ustedes). Review how this looks below:
E → IE | preferir → él prefirió | venir → ellos vinieron |
E → I | pedir → ella pidió | seguir → él siguió |
O → UE | dormir → ustedes durmieron |
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¡Practiquemos! Escribe, en tu cuaderno o en un procesador de texto, la conjugación del verbo en el pretérito, con la forma del sujeto en paréntesis (). Selecciona las palabras para chequear tu respuesta.
I → Y
This next bunch follows a certain pattern. The "i" in the conjugated form of the third person changes to a "y". Review the examples:
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caer | creer | leer | oír |
yo | caí | creí | leí | oí |
tú | caíste | creíste | leíste | oíste |
él / ella / usted | cayó | creyó | leyó | oyó |
nosotros | caímos | creímos | leímos | oímos |
vosotros | caísteis | creísteis | leísteis | oísteis |
ellos / ellas / ustedes | cayeron | creyeron | leyeron | oyeron |
¡Practiquemos! Escribe, en tu cuaderno o en un procesador de texto, la conjugación del verbo en el pretérito, con la forma del sujeto en paréntesis (). Selecciona las palabras para chequear tu respuesta.
-UIR Verbs
The verbs that end in -uir also have the same change, the "i" goes into a "y" in the third person. Here is the chart:
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huir | destruir | construir | incluir |
yo | huí | destruí | construí | incluí |
tú | huiste | destruiste | construiste | incluiste |
él / ella / usted | huyó | destruyó | construyó | incluyó |
nosotros | huimos | destruimos | construimos | incluimos |
vosotros | huisteis | destruisteis | construisteis | incluisteis |
ellos / ellas / ustedes | huyeron | destruyeron | construyeron | incluyeron |
¡Practiquemos! Escribe, en tu cuaderno o en un procesador de texto, la conjugación del verbo en el pretérito, con la forma del sujeto en paréntesis (). Selecciona las palabras para chequear tu respuesta.
-UCIR Verbs
Here is another group that is different. The verbs ends in -ucir and they conjugate this way, as shown below:
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producir | conducir | introducir | traducir |
yo | produje | conduje | introduje | traduje |
tú | produjiste | condujiste | introdujiste | tradujiste |
él / ella / usted | produjo | condujo | introdujo | tradujo |
nosotros | produjimos | condujimos | introdujimos | tradujimos |
vosotros | produjisteis | condujisteis | introdujisteis | tradujisteis |
ellos / ellas / ustedes | produjeron | condujeron | introdujeron | tradujeron |
¡Practiquemos! Escribe, en tu cuaderno o en un procesador de texto, la conjugación del verbo en el pretérito, con la forma del sujeto en paréntesis (). Selecciona las palabras para chequear tu respuesta.
One Syllable Verbs
In this group the verbs are one syllable each and therefore are irregular in the preterite. The verbs ser and ir have identical conjugations, and you will need to rely on context to figure out the meaning of the sentence. Here is the chart for them:
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ir | ser | dar | ver |
yo | fui | fui | di | vi |
tú | fuiste | fuiste | diste | viste |
él / ella / usted | fue | fue | dio | vio |
nosotros | fuimos | fuimos | dimos | vimos |
vosotros | fuisteis | fuisteis | disteis | visteis |
ellos / ellas / ustedes | fueron | fueron | dieron | vieron |
Completely Irregular
There is still a little more on the preterite. Do not give up, we are almost done. Next, we will study a number of verbs that are completely irregular. They do not really follow a pattern or have much in common, except for having all new stems in the conjugated forms.
Infinitive | New Stem | Yo | Tú | Él/Ella/Ud. | Nosotros | Vosotros | Ellos(as)/Uds |
andar | anduv- | anduve | anduviste | anduvo | anduvimos | anduvisteis | anduvieron |
caber | cup- | cupe | cupiste | cupo | cupimos | cupisteis | cupieron |
decir* | dij- | dije | dijiste | dijo | dijimos | dijisteis | dijeron |
estar* | estuv- | estuve | estuviste | estuvo | estuvimos | estuvisteis | estuvieron |
haber | hub- | hube | hubiste | hubo | hubimos | hubisteis | hubieron |
hacer* | hic- | hice | hiciste | hizo | hicimos | hicisteis | hicieron |
poder* | pud- | pude | pudiste | pudo | pudimos | pudisteis | pudieron |
poner* | pus- | puse | pusiste | puso | pusimos | pusisteis | pusieron |
querer* | quis- | quise | quisiste | quiso | quisimos | quisisteis | quisieron |
saber* | sup- | supe | supiste | supo | supimos | supisteis | supieron |
tener* | tuv- | tuve | tuviste | tuvo | tuvimos | tuvisteis | tuvieron |
traer | traj- | traje | trajiste | trajo | trajimos | trajisteis | trajeron |
venir | vin- | vine | viniste | vino | vinimos | vinisteis | vinieron |
* Verbs used frequently.
You did it!!! You learned the irregular forms of the preterite. As we know, practice makes perfect, so let's go to the next tab and practice, practice, practice. Open the "Práctica" and print it. After you work on it, check your answers. Remember, it
is up to you to do well, so give it your best shot!