5.3.4 Canada's Identity Evolves

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5.3.4 Canada's Identity Evolves

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Canada began the process of establishing its identity as a sovereign nation in 1867 with the confederation of four former British colonies. The colonies agreed to put their own self-interest aside and create a new nation that would encompass their collective interests within the framework of a national interest. Since that time, the geographical identity of the nation has changed several times as new territories and provinces were added.

Most recently, the northern territories were realigned in an attempt to reflect the changing identities of these regions, most notably the creation of a third northern territory in 1999 called Nunavut. If you view the maps below, you will see how northern Canada changed as Nunavut's land boundaries were added.


Changes to Canadian identity are tied not only to geographical region changes, but also to the evolving identities of various groups in the country. One group in Canada, called the Francophones, have a very strong identity which contributes to their national interest and their place in North America. New groups of people seeking a new way of life have arrived in Canada in large numbers. Such changes to Canada's population and multicultural makeup have necessitated changes in Canada's support of cultural diversity. Canada's Aboriginal people are also seeking to revitalize and reclaim their vibrant culture and identity within the Canadian national fabric.

These identity changes pose significant challenges to Canada. Each change has the potential to affect the way of life for all Canadians. At times, identity change seems to be a fundamental challenge of the core identity of Canada. Prime Minister Macdonald’s statement about his British identity as a Canadian no longer reflects the perception of identity of most Canadians.